Atopic Dermatitis

Patients may report chronic, intensely itchy (pruritic) patches, often with a history of asthma, hay fever, or family history of allergies. Symptoms may be triggered by environmental factors like allergens, stress, or specific irritants. 

Skin examination may reveal dry, scaly, thickened, hyperpigmented plaques with excoriation and lichenification (thickening due to scratching), commonly found on the face, neck, and flexural areas. On Black skin, atopic dermatitis may appear darker, or display a grayish-brown hue rather than the classic erythema. 

Topical Corticosteroids (e.g., Hydrocortisone 2.5%): Apply twice daily for up to 2 weeks for mild inflammation.

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors (e.g., Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment): Suitable for facial lesions; apply twice daily for up to 6 weeks.

Oral Antihistamines (e.g., Cetirizine 10 mg): Used daily to reduce itching, especially at night.

Moisturizers (e.g., Ceramide-containing creams): Applied generously after bathing to retain skin moisture.

Education and Lifestyle Adjustments: Encourage patients to avoid triggers, wear breathable fabrics, and use gentle skin cleansers.